Solar photovoltaic (PV) effect

Solar Photovoltaic effect, or Photovoltaic (PV), also known as light born v effect (Photovoltaic), is refers to the uneven when semiconductor light or generate an electrical potential difference between combination of semiconductor and metal parts.

Photovoltaic (pv) is defined as the direct conversion of radiation energy. In practice usually refers to the conversion of solar energy to electrical energy, the solar photovoltaic (pv). Way of its implementation is mainly is made by utilizing semiconductor materials such as silicon solar panels, use light to produce direct current (dc), such as solar cells can be seen everywhere in our daily life.

Photovoltaic technology has many advantages: such as no mechanical moving parts; Besides the sun, do not need any other "fuel", in case the sun was shining and oblique can work; Solar energy components do not need to maintain at the same time, the running cost minimization; And, from the choice of site is very convenient and flexible, the roof, the space can be used in the city. Since 1958, the solar photovoltaic effect in the form of a solar cell has been applied in the field of space satellite power for the first time. Today, as small as the power, rooftop solar panels, automatic parking is big to the vast area of solar power generation center, its application in the field of power generation have spread around the world.

Solar energy is a form of the rapid growth , solar energy market in the past decade have made great progress. , According to the data calculated on an annual installed capacity of solar system, the global solar market compound annual growth rate of 47.4%, from 2003 in 598 MW to 2826 MW in 2007. Predicts that by 2012, the average annual solar system capacity may be further increased to 9917 MW, and the entire solar industry sales could rise from $2007 in 17.2 billion to $2012 in 39.5 billion. This growth to a great extent, is due to the rapid increase of global market demand, increasing feed-in tariff, and various government incentives.

In the some main countries of the world, especially in Germany, Italy, Spain, the United States, France and South Korea, the federal government, state and local government agencies have to tax, tax credits and other incentives to solar energy products, in the form of end users, distributors, system integrators and manufacturers to provide subsidies and economic incentives, so as to promote the use of solar energy application in grid, reduce the dependence on other energy sources. However the traditional public power enterprises with huge political lobbying power may also try to change in market legislation, this might also contribute to the development and commercial application of solar energy relative to the adverse effects.

But overall, due to a lot of oil and natural gas production regions in the world political and economic situation of instability, governments are taking active measures, to reduce dependence on foreign energy. Solar energy provides a highly attractive power plan, and won't form serious dependence on foreign energy. In addition, increasingly prominent environmental problems and climate change risks associated with fossil fuel power generation political reasons, prompting the government to implement to reduce carbon dioxide and other emissions of greenhouse gas emission reduction strategy. Solar and other renewable energy sources will help to solve these environmental problems.

But overall, due to a lot of oil and natural gas production regions in the world political and economic situation of instability, governments are taking active measures, to reduce dependence on foreign energy. Solar energy provides a highly attractive power plan, and won't form serious dependence on foreign energy. In addition, increasingly prominent environmental problems and climate change risks associated with fossil fuel power generation political reasons, prompting the government to implement to reduce carbon dioxide and other emissions of greenhouse gas emission reduction strategy. Solar and other renewable energy sources will help to solve these environmental problems.

Governmentsincentives to promote solar and other renewable energy development and application. Many European countries, some Asian countries, Australia, Canada and the United States more than one state, province and some Latin American cuntries have enacted renewable energy policy. Take the customer as the center of the financial incentives include the cost of capital returns, forced photovoltaic feed-in tariff and tax credits. The cost of capital tax rebate policy to provide money for offset by consumers in previous investment in the solar system. Photovoltaic feed-in tariff policy requirements, mandatory public power company on the basis of the number of kilowatt-hours to users pay them through the solar system to produce electricity, but the price is guaranteed in a certain period of time. These have encouraged the development of photovoltaic industry.

But in our country, the long-term bottleneck problem in the photovoltaic industry development of our country, the industry chain structure of raw materials and market are the problems of policy support abroad. In the first half due to European countries, especially the major changes in the field of solar energy policy, causes the global pv market contracted sharply, causing a global pv enterprises in the first quarter of operating conditions is generally not ideal. In order to reverse this situation, our country decided to mount a large number of photovoltaic power generation project, solve the problem of the "market", to a great extent, stabilize the domestic photovoltaic industry, the output of rational expectations. Recently, the Treasury Department also formulated the "about accelerating solar photovoltaic building application implementation opinion" and "solar photovoltaic building application fiscal subsidy funds management interim measures". "Opinion" of the solar industry has formed two major positive information, one is industrial policy support, the central government allocated special funds, not just for eligible subsidised photovoltaic building application demonstration projects, in part to make up for the initial investment of optoelectronic applications. And introduce appropriate fiscal and taxation support policy areas will be preferential access to the central financial support. The second is "solar roof plan" for the downstream demand stimulus or will form a relatively optimistic expectations, which expand the solar industry development space, the downstream demand will be improved.